Abstract

In many African countries, including Ethiopia, traditional leather processing remains an essential source of income for rural artisans. These artisans typically work near rivers, using manual tools such as hand knives and foot agitation techniques that are highly labour-intensive and pose significant ergonomic and health risks. This study aimed to support these artisans by developing a simple, manually operated leather processing vessel that requires no electrical power. The vessel is driven by a bicycle pedal mechanism and incorporates a shaft-bearing support system to reduce the manual effort typically required for leather agitation. Through a chain-sprocket and shaft assembly, rotational motion is efficiently transferred to the drum, allowing consistent and controlled drum rotation while minimising operator fatigue. Field demonstrations in the Amhara region of Ethiopia confirmed improvements in processing time, product uniformity, and occupational safety. Furthermore, the system enables artisans to expand their product offerings into higher-value, vegetable-tanned leather goods using sustainable processing methods. The developed vessel provides a low-cost, ergonomic solution that enhances productivity and income generation for traditional leather artisans in rural communities, while addressing key ergonomic, technical, and occupational health and hygiene challenges.