Abstract

This paper describes the use of analytical techniques to examine an 18th/19th century vegetabletanned Hebrew parchment manuscript which had been discovered during excavations in Tanta City, Egypt. The manuscript was assessed, moisture content was determined, its pH, amino acid content and shrinkage temperature were measured. The ink was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and atomic absorption. The binding medium of the ink and tannin material of the manuscript studied were identified. Biological deterioration was also assessed. The solubility of the ink used on the manuscript was tested. The manuscript was surface cleaned, consolidated, humidified, flattened and lined, disinfection was also applied. The results of the analyses quantified the deterioration and helped in developing a conservation strategy. The conservation treatment improved the appearance and increased the strength of the manuscript.