Abstract

The main aim of this study is to develop novel multifunctional nanotechnology systems that are applied in textile and leather industry processes for the upholstery used on seating for public spaces and vehicles. More specifically, the study seeks to achieve a dirt-free effect using nanostructured coatings that can both repel dirt and produce a material with self-cleaning properties. To obtain this property, we use polymers for leather finishing polymers and self-assembling technical textile in several nanophases and microphases with a superhydrophobic effect similar to that of the lotus leaf, but with a greater resistance to abrasion. Additionally, in this study we also use hybrid multifunctional polyurethanes, organic-inorganic amphipilic polymers with hydrophobic, oleophobic, and hydrophilic nanophases and microphases which can spontaneously rearrange on substrates, creating structures that repel both water and dirt.

The study consists of three stages: in i) selecting the most appropriate substances to achieve the self-cleaning effect; ii) synthesizing nanostructured polymers with elastic properties, hybrid polymers with a fluoropolyurethane base, and the organic part based on self-cross-linking silanes; iii) assessing the polymers obtained. To understand the mechanisms of synthesis and action of the nanocomposites, the following characterization techniques have been applied: determination of particle size by means of dynamic light scattering; determination of contact angle; and determination of surface roughness.

A total of 25 products were developed. The results indicate that it is possible to produce coatings that give good hydrophobic properties and a self-cleaning effect to leather and textile surfaces. However, when these products are applied as coatings, the appearance and rigidity of the finished leather needs to be further improved.