Abstract

Type I collagen, is known for its low antigenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and superior film-forming ability. The development of new type I collagen-based functional films has become a focal point in clean production and sustainability. However, pure type I collagen films exhibit limitations such as a rough surface, inadequate mechanical properties, rapid degradation, and poor thermal stability. This paper explores five emerging modification strategies, including co-gelling protein introduction, nanoparticle doping, polysaccharide modification, biological crosslinking, and natural polymers blending, to enhance the physical, chemical, and biocompatible properties of type I collagen-based films. The review also analyzes the potential applications of these modified films in edible packaging, flexible electronic sensors, and wound dressing. The development of new type I collagen-based composite films aims to reduce reliance on petroleum-derived polymers, contributing to the creation of eco-friendly materials.